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Letter describing elopement of mulatto man and Spanish woman

Extended description to come.

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Declaration of an enslaved mulatto man

Extended description to come.

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Bill of sale for Nancy, an enslaved mulatto woman

Document describes the sale of Nancy, an enslaved woman who is described as a mulatto woman of about 30 years of age. Nancy was purchased for $315 by John Parkinson of Washington County, Missouri from John Gans Bryan of the same county.

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Copy of will of Gil Antonio Ibarvo

This is a translation of the original will which was written in Spanish and is housed by the Steen Library

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Certification of freedom of Henry Hollinger

Document affirming the freedom of Henry Hollinger, who is described as 'a dark mulatto aged about thirty one years, five feet and 3 ½ inches high.'.

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Letter from José Miguel Sánchez Navarro to Don Francisco Castellano at Monclova

José Miguel Sánchez Navarro writes to Don Francisco Castellano saying that he issued a draft for 122 pesos against him in favor of Dn. Migl Farias. Navarro also reports a terrible epidemic that has taken several lives, including two of his children and two mulattoes. Three other mulattoes are still sick Asks him to send him some pomegranates.

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Slavery in Peru'

First edition publication describing the responsibility of landowners to enslaved people during the War of Independence in Peru. Also includes legal provision document detailing tributes to be paid by Black and mulatto people in New Spain.

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Additional taxation for Black or mixed race free peoples of New Spain

Circular stating that all free Black, mestizo, and mulatto people are subject to payment of a sales tax, or alcabalas, in addition to the tributo, a tax imposed from 1572-1810 upon New Spain's Black and mixed-race population based on their African ancestry

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Letter from Diego de los Reyes Balmaceda

Letter to the Spanish king regarding the collection of tribute from free mulattoes, imposed by Juan Gregorio Bazán de Pedraza, Governor of Paraguay from 1713-1717.

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Bill of sale for Alonso, an enslaved mulatto man

Bill of sale describing the sale of Alonso, a 30-year-old enslaved mulatto man, in Villa de Carrion, Vale de Atrisco.

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Bill of slave for eight enslaved people including Maulda, 'a mulatto girl'

A notarized manuscript copy of a bill of sale signed by Louisiana Governor Paul O. Hebert, that records the 1848 sale of eight enslaved people for $7,075 to Joseph Ignatius Biscoe Kirk by attorney, Samuel H. Davis of Natchez, Mississippi, on behalf of John Duke James of Natchez. The enslaved people listed include seven young men named Madison, Henry, Simon, William, Edward, Lewis, John, and Joe, as well as Maulda, an eighteen-year-old woman described as...

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Record of freedom of John Alonso, a formerly enslaved mulatto man

Extended description to come.

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Bill of sale for Beatriz, an enslaved mulatta woman, and her son Leoncio

Bill of sale indicating the sale of Beatriz, who is described as a 30 year old enslaved mulatta woman, and her 11 year old son Leoncio. Beatriz and Leonvio were sold by Pedro Barrales from the estate of his deceased mother-in-law, Juana Ibañez of Huaxuapa, Puebla, to his neighbor Diego Sanchez Conchoro for 420 pesos in gold.

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Record of land purchase by Juan de la Cruz, a free mulatto man

Document includes fiscal seal and describes the purchase of land in the barrio of San Antonio in Puebla, Puebla, by Juan de la Cruz, a who is described as a free mulatto, for 35 pesos in gold.

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Property bid by Lorenzo Garcia, a free mulatto man

Court petition of Lorenzo Garcia, a free mulatto man, who bids on a property at an auction in Guadalajara, Jalisco.

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Legal document with seal of Domingo Perez, a mulatto man

Document includes fiscal seal of Domingo Perez, a mulatto man. Extended description to come.

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Photograph of Indigenous and Mestiza women at an outdoor market

An undated photograph of Indigenous and Mestiza women at an outdoor market in Cuzco, Peru taken by Richard Adams.

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Letter regarding roads discovered by Diego González, a mestizo man.

Letter about the discovery of roads to Peru by Diego González, who is described as a mestizo man. Topics include the Audiencia de Buenos Aires (appaeals court); Juan Diez de Andino; and wars with Indigenous peoples. This letter is modern copy of the original document housed at the Archivo General de las Indias, 74-4-15.

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Testimony of mistreatment of Indigenous peoples in Paraguay

Certification that the Indigenous peoples under the doctrines in the Province of Paraguay are extremely mistreated and tyrannized by the governors. Topics include the separations of families, and Black and mulatto peoples. This letter is modern copy of the original document housed at the Archivo General de las Indias, 76-5-10. Extended description to come.